Statistics for Psychologists: Calculating and Interpreting Basic Statistics Using SPSS
The materials in this online textbook are intended to facilitate the connection between standard introductory statistics concepts and their implementation in SPSS. The sections include: a summary of basic statistical methods, instructions on obtaining basic statistical output using SPSS, annotated output showing how to calculate and interpret the output, and summaries of how the results showed be reported in APA style. Although these online reference materials are primarily designed to accompany my undergraduate statistics course, they are available for use by all for free (with proper citation and references). All comments and suggestions can be sent to me and will be considered!
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- Part I: Statistical Methods: This section provides an overview of the basic terminology of statistics. Emphasis is on the terminology of research designs (e.g., between-subjects vs. within-subjects designs), and their relationship to statistical methods. Also, a brief primer on statistical significance, confidence intervals, and effect sizes is included.
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- Part II: Using SPSS: This section provides step-by-step instructions on how to obtain basic statistical output using SPSS, both visually with screenshots and via written instructions. Simple examples for most undergraduate-level between-subjects and within-subjects research designs are provided.
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- Part III: Annotated SPSS Output: This section is intended to facilitate the connection between standard introductory statistics concepts and their implementation in SPSS. It shows the output from various types of analyses, describes how to interpret the output, and shows the link between hand calculation formulas and SPSS output. Results derive from the examples in the previous section of this project.
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- Part IV: Statistics in APA Style: This section describes basic rules for presenting statistical results in APA style. All rules come from the newest APA style manual. Specific examples of mini Results summaries are provided, using the analyses in the previous section of this project.
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- Part V: Statistical Tables: This section provides basic statistical tables for Statistics for Psychologists. Tables included are the Standard Normal, Student's (t) Distribution, F, Tukey's HSD, and power tables for Cohen's d and Eta-Squared. These tables were used in the Annotated SPSS Output section of this project.
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- Part VI: Blank SPSS Output: This section is used as worksheets for in-class problems. Students fill in their answers on these sheets, thus making clear the links between non-computer (“hand”) calculations and the SPSS output.
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Related Links:
Other Online Statistics Textbooks |
More Annotated Statistics Output
Other Statistics Resources
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