Turbulent motion of glycerol in a container heated from below and cooled
from above. The bright lines show regions of rapid temperature variation. The fluid contains many
"plumes," especially near the walls. The plumes can be identified as mushroom-shaped objects with heat
flowing through the "stalk" and spreading in the "cap." The hot plumes tend to rise with their caps on
top; falling, cold plumes are cap-down. All this plume activity is carried along in an overall
counterclockwise "wind" caused by convection. Note the thermometer coming down from the top of the cell.
Figure adapted from J. Zhang, S. Childress, A. Libchaber, Phys. Fluids 9, 1034 (1997).
See detailed discussion in Kadanoff, L. P., Physics Today 54, 34 (August 2001).
|
|